[
  {
    "id": "card-3060-12",
    "kind": "card",
    "name": "GeForce RTX 3060 12GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 12,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 360,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": 170,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 3060 12GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 12,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 360
      }
    ],
    "parts": [],
    "summary": "Card only. 12 GB covers 7B–8B and is tight for 14B Q4.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 257,
      "label": "used (median of sold listings)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": "pcprice.watch",
      "source_url": "https://www.pcprice.watch/gpu-buying-guide/rtx-3060-price-used-and-specs",
      "note": "Used median €257, typical €236–€280, 1,378 sales. The buying-guide page says Updated Oct 15, 2026. Recorded here on 16 Oct 2026. Not an EU retail listing. No separate new in-stock figure is stored for this card.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "card-4060ti-16",
    "kind": "card",
    "name": "GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 16GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 16,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 288,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": 165,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 4060 Ti 16GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 16,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 288
      }
    ],
    "parts": [],
    "summary": "Card only. A lot of VRAM for the power draw, but a narrow bus: 288 GB/s.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 899,
      "label": "new (lowest in-stock EU)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": "GPU PRIX",
      "source_url": "https://gpuprix.com/eu/gpus/geforce-rtx-4060-ti-16gb",
      "note": "Current low €899, MSI Gaming X Slim 16GB, Netherlands, new. Page last updated 15 Oct 2026, checked 16 Oct 2026. 12-month median €713. 3-month median €629. No pcprice.watch used median was recorded for this 16GB card. A used line at €546 on that page is a GIGABYTE 8GB board, not this card.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "card-3090",
    "kind": "card",
    "name": "GeForce RTX 3090 24GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 24,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 936,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": 350,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 3090 24GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 24,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 936
      }
    ],
    "parts": [],
    "summary": "Used card only. 24 GB and a wide bus. One card is not enough for 70B Q4.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1224,
      "label": "used (median of sold listings)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": "pcprice.watch",
      "source_url": "https://www.pcprice.watch/gpu-buying-guide/rtx-3090-price-used-and-specs",
      "note": "Used median €1,224, typical €1,136–€1,312, 232 eBay sold sales over 90 days, updated 16 Oct 2026. Not an EU retail listing.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": {
        "eur": 2218,
        "label": "new (lowest in-stock EU)",
        "as_of": "2026-10-16",
        "source_name": "GPU PRIX",
        "source_url": "https://gpuprix.com/eu/gpus/geforce-rtx-3090",
        "note": "New low €2,218, Zotac Trinity OC, France. Page last updated 16 Oct 2026."
      }
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "card-4090",
    "kind": "card",
    "name": "GeForce RTX 4090 24GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 24,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 1008,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": 450,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 4090 24GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 24,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 1008
      }
    ],
    "parts": [],
    "summary": "Card only. Fast, but still 24 GB. 70B Q4 does not fully fit.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 2185,
      "label": "used (median of sold listings)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": "pcprice.watch",
      "source_url": "https://www.pcprice.watch/gpu-buying-guide/rtx-4090-price-used-and-specs",
      "note": "Used median €2,185, typical €2,074–€2,290, 111 sales, updated 16 Oct 2026. Not an EU retail listing.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": {
        "eur": 3790,
        "label": "new (lowest in-stock EU)",
        "as_of": "2026-10-16",
        "source_name": "GPU PRIX",
        "source_url": "https://gpuprix.com/eu/gpus/geforce-rtx-4090",
        "note": "Current low €3,790, MSI Gaming X Slim, Belgium. Page last updated 15 Oct 2026, checked 16 Oct 2026. In-stock boards in that table start at €3,990."
      }
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "card-5090",
    "kind": "card",
    "name": "GeForce RTX 5090 32GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 32,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 1792,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.nvidia.com/en-eu/geforce/graphics-cards/50-series/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": 575,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 5090 32GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 32,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 1792
      }
    ],
    "parts": [],
    "summary": "Card only. 32 GB GDDR7 according to NVIDIA. Still too small for 70B Q4.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 6299,
      "label": "new (lowest in-stock EU)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": "PriceSquirrel",
      "source_url": "https://www.pricesquirrel.com/gpus/rtx-5090",
      "note": "Cheapest in-stock listing on 16 Oct 2026: €6,299, ASUS ROG Astral GeForce RTX 5090 32GB OC White at Proshop (FI). MSI Gaming Trio OC at Compumsa (BE) was €6,571 and out of stock. A 16 Oct 2026 fact-check notes BE/NL/DE about €7,900–€8,800. No used median was recorded. NVIDIA (Jeff Fisher, 16 Oct 2026) denies a production halt; supply is tight and some retailers have delisted the card.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "card-5080",
    "kind": "card",
    "name": "GeForce RTX 5080 16GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 16,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 960,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/graphics-cards/compare/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": 360,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 5080 16GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 16,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 960
      }
    ],
    "parts": [],
    "summary": "Card only. 16 GB GDDR7. Too small for 70B Q4.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1311,
      "label": "new (lowest in-stock EU)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-17",
      "source_name": "GPU PRIX",
      "source_url": "https://gpuprix.com/eu/gpus/geforce-rtx-5080",
      "note": "Lowest in-stock board in the table on 17 Oct 2026: €1,311, ASUS Prime GeForce RTX 5080, in stock. The same page's header current low was €1,328, last updated Oct 17, 2026. 16 GB GDDR7 and 360 W total graphics power are on NVIDIA's RTX 5080 spec page (https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/graphics-cards/50-series/rtx-5080/). 960 GB/sec is the RTX 5080 column on NVIDIA's GeForce compare page (https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/graphics-cards/compare/). The product spec table that was fetched did not print a GB/s row.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "card-7900xtx",
    "kind": "card",
    "name": "Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB",
    "vendor": "amd",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 24,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 960,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": 355,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RX 7900 XTX 24GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 24,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 960
      }
    ],
    "parts": [],
    "summary": "Card only. Same memory class as a 4090; the estimate assumes a slower software stack.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1254,
      "label": "used (3-month median)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-17",
      "source_name": "GPU PRIX",
      "source_url": "https://gpuprix.com/eu/gpus/radeon-rx-7900-xtx",
      "note": "Checked GPU PRIX on 17 Oct 2026. The page says last updated Oct 17, 2026. The 3-month median is €1,254. The only in-stock board, ASUS TUF Gaming RX 7900 XTX at €3,972, is more than 1.5× that median, so the median is the stored price. The header current low of €43 is a DisplayPort cable, not the card. XFX Speedster was €1,049 and out of stock. MSI Gaming Trio €3,047 and POWERCOLOR Red Devil €3,152 were out of stock. On 16 Oct 2026 the stored new figure was the out-of-stock price, about €1,050. 12-month median €1,101. Not a pcprice.watch sold-listing median.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": {
        "eur": 3972,
        "label": "new in stock, €3,972 at GPU PRIX on 17 Oct 2026 (unusually high)",
        "as_of": "2026-10-17",
        "source_name": "GPU PRIX",
        "source_url": "https://gpuprix.com/eu/gpus/radeon-rx-7900-xtx",
        "note": "More than 1.5× the €1,254 3-month median, so this listing is not the headline."
      }
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "build-3060",
    "kind": "build",
    "name": "Budget PC with RTX 3060 12GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 12,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 360,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 64,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 51,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": true,
    "tdp_watts": 170,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 3060 12GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 12,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 360
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "GeForce RTX 3060 12GB, used",
      "64 GB DDR4 (estimate): €600. from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "Rest of system (estimate): €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing.",
      "Ryzen 5 5600 or similar",
      "1 TB SSD, PSU around 550W"
    ],
    "summary": "Entry point for 8B and, just barely, 14B Q4. The card is mostly second-hand.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1357,
      "label": null,
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "GPU line is the used median €257, labelled used, from pcprice.watch (https://www.pcprice.watch/gpu-buying-guide/rtx-3060-price-used-and-specs). 64 GB DDR4 (estimate) €600, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Rest of system (estimate) €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing. The total is the GPU price plus the RAM line plus that rest estimate. It is not a checked system price.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": 500,
      "ram_line_eur": 600,
      "ram_line_label": "64 GB DDR4",
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "build-4060ti",
    "kind": "build",
    "name": "Mid-range PC with RTX 4060 Ti 16GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 16,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 288,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 64,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 90,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": true,
    "tdp_watts": 165,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 4060 Ti 16GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 16,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 288
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 16GB",
      "64 GB DDR4 (estimate): €600. from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "Rest of system (estimate): €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing.",
      "Ryzen 5 7600 or similar",
      "1 TB SSD"
    ],
    "summary": "16 GB is comfortable for 14B. Bandwidth is lower than a 3060, so 8B is not automatically faster.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1999,
      "label": null,
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "GPU line is the new in-stock low €899 from GPU PRIX (https://gpuprix.com/eu/gpus/geforce-rtx-4060-ti-16gb). 64 GB DDR4 (estimate) €600, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Rest of system (estimate) €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing. DDR5 was not separately priced, so this total uses the sourced 64 GB DDR4 line. The total is the GPU price plus the RAM line plus that rest estimate. It is not a checked system price.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": 500,
      "ram_line_eur": 600,
      "ram_line_label": "64 GB DDR4",
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "build-3090",
    "kind": "build",
    "name": "Used PC with RTX 3090 24GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 24,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 936,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 64,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 51,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": true,
    "tdp_watts": 350,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 3090 24GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 24,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 936
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "GeForce RTX 3090 24GB, used",
      "64 GB DDR4 (estimate): €600. from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "Rest of system (estimate): €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing.",
      "Ryzen 7 5700X or similar",
      "850W PSU, decent airflow"
    ],
    "summary": "Best single card here for 32B Q4. 70B Q4 does not fully fit.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 2324,
      "label": null,
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "GPU line is the used median €1,224, labelled used, from pcprice.watch (https://www.pcprice.watch/gpu-buying-guide/rtx-3090-price-used-and-specs). 64 GB DDR4 (estimate) €600, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Rest of system (estimate) €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing. The total is the GPU price plus the RAM line plus that rest estimate. It is not a checked system price.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": 500,
      "ram_line_eur": 600,
      "ram_line_label": "64 GB DDR4",
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "build-7900xtx",
    "kind": "build",
    "name": "PC with Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB",
    "vendor": "amd",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 24,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 960,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 64,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 90,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": true,
    "tdp_watts": 355,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RX 7900 XTX 24GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 24,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 960
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "Radeon RX 7900 XTX 24GB, used",
      "64 GB DDR4 (estimate): €600. from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "Rest of system (estimate): €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing.",
      "Ryzen 7 7700 or similar",
      "llama.cpp via ROCm or Vulkan"
    ],
    "summary": "Same memory as a 3090/4090. The estimate uses lower utilization because the software stack is less smooth.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 2354,
      "label": null,
      "as_of": "2026-10-17",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "GPU line is the GPU PRIX 3-month median €1,254, labelled used, because the lowest in-stock new board on 17 Oct 2026 was €3,972 (ASUS TUF), more than 1.5× that median (https://gpuprix.com/eu/gpus/radeon-rx-7900-xtx). 64 GB DDR4 (estimate) €600, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Rest of system (estimate) €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing. DDR5 was not separately priced, so this total uses the sourced 64 GB DDR4 line. The total is the GPU price plus the RAM line plus that rest estimate. It is not a checked system price.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": 500,
      "ram_line_eur": 600,
      "ram_line_label": "64 GB DDR4",
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "build-4090",
    "kind": "build",
    "name": "PC with RTX 4090 24GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 24,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 1008,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 64,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 90,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": true,
    "tdp_watts": 450,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 4090 24GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 24,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 1008
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "GeForce RTX 4090 24GB, used",
      "64 GB DDR4 (estimate): €600. from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "Rest of system (estimate): €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing.",
      "Ryzen 7 7700 or similar",
      "1000W PSU"
    ],
    "summary": "Fast for everything up to about 32B. Not a 70B machine, whatever the box costs.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 3285,
      "label": null,
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "GPU line is the used median €2,185, labelled used, from pcprice.watch (https://www.pcprice.watch/gpu-buying-guide/rtx-4090-price-used-and-specs). 64 GB DDR4 (estimate) €600, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Rest of system (estimate) €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing. DDR5 was not separately priced, so this total uses the sourced 64 GB DDR4 line. The total is the GPU price plus the RAM line plus that rest estimate. It is not a checked system price.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": 500,
      "ram_line_eur": 600,
      "ram_line_label": "64 GB DDR4",
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "build-5090",
    "kind": "build",
    "name": "PC with RTX 5090 32GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 32,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 1792,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.nvidia.com/en-eu/geforce/graphics-cards/50-series/",
    "system_ram_gb": 96,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 90,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": true,
    "tdp_watts": 575,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 5090 32GB",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 32,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 1792
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "GeForce RTX 5090 32GB",
      "96 GB DDR5 is named here and was not priced.",
      "64 GB DDR4 (estimate): €600. from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "Rest of system (estimate): €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing.",
      "Ryzen 7 9700X or similar",
      "1200W PSU, roomy case"
    ],
    "summary": "Highest bandwidth in a single card. 32 GB is plenty for 32B, still too tight for 70B Q4.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 7399,
      "label": null,
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "GPU line is the new in-stock floor €6,299 from PriceSquirrel at Proshop (FI) (https://www.pricesquirrel.com/gpus/rtx-5090). 64 GB DDR4 (estimate) €600, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Rest of system (estimate) €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing. The parts list names 96 GB DDR5. That kit was not priced, so this total uses the sourced 64 GB DDR4 line. The total is the GPU price plus the RAM line plus that rest estimate. It is not a checked system price.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": 500,
      "ram_line_eur": 600,
      "ram_line_label": "64 GB DDR4",
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "build-dual-3090",
    "kind": "build",
    "name": "Dual RTX 3090, 48 GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 48,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 1872,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 128,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 51,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": true,
    "tdp_watts": 700,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 3090 24GB",
        "count": 2,
        "vramGbEach": 24,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 936
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "2× GeForce RTX 3090 24GB, used",
      "128 GB DDR4 (estimate): €2,460. from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "Rest of system (estimate): €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing.",
      "Ryzen 9 5900X or similar",
      "1200W PSU, a case that can breathe"
    ],
    "summary": "The classic 70B Q4 rig. Two cards, more hassle, enough memory.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 5408,
      "label": null,
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "GPU line is 2× the used median €1,224 (€2,448), labelled used, from pcprice.watch (https://www.pcprice.watch/gpu-buying-guide/rtx-3090-price-used-and-specs). 128 GB DDR4 (estimate) €2,460, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Rest of system (estimate) €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing. The total is the GPU price plus the RAM line plus that rest estimate. It is not a checked system price.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": 500,
      "ram_line_eur": 2460,
      "ram_line_label": "128 GB DDR4",
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "build-dual-4090",
    "kind": "build",
    "name": "Dual RTX 4090, 48 GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "vram",
    "memory_gb": 48,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 2016,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 128,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 90,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": true,
    "tdp_watts": 900,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "RTX 4090 24GB",
        "count": 2,
        "vramGbEach": 24,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 1008
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "2× GeForce RTX 4090 24GB, used",
      "128 GB DDR4 (estimate): €2,460. from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "Rest of system (estimate): €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing.",
      "Ryzen 9 7950X or similar",
      "1600W PSU"
    ],
    "summary": "Same memory as two 3090s, higher bandwidth, a lot more money.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 7330,
      "label": null,
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "GPU line is 2× the used median €2,185 (€4,370), labelled used, from pcprice.watch (https://www.pcprice.watch/gpu-buying-guide/rtx-4090-price-used-and-specs). 128 GB DDR4 (estimate) €2,460, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Rest of system (estimate) €500. Other parts from €500 in that fact-check. Not a shop listing. DDR5 was not separately priced, so this total uses the sourced 128 GB DDR4 line. The total is the GPU price plus the RAM line plus that rest estimate. It is not a checked system price.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": 500,
      "ram_line_eur": 2460,
      "ram_line_label": "128 GB DDR4",
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-mini-m4-16",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac mini M4 16GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 16,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 120,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121555",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac mini (2024) M4, 16 GB unified memory, configurable to 24 or 32 GB",
      "120 GB/s according to Apple Support"
    ],
    "summary": "Quiet and cheap for 8B Q4. Not for 32B or 70B.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 549,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "Used-market euro amount from the earlier catalog. It cannot be checked on the Apple Store.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-mini-m4-pro-64",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac mini M4 Pro 64GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 64,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 273,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121555",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac mini (2024) M4 Pro, 24 GB base configurable to 48 or 64 GB",
      "273 GB/s according to Apple Support"
    ],
    "summary": "Enough memory for 70B Q4, but bandwidth is modest. It fits; it is not fast.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1890,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "Used-market euro amount from the earlier catalog. It cannot be checked on the Apple Store.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-studio-m4-max-36",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac Studio M4 Max 36GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 36,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 410,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122211",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac Studio (2025) M4 Max 14-core/32-core, 36 GB",
      "410 GB/s according to Apple Support"
    ],
    "summary": "Previous Studio generation. 36 GB is a solid 32B machine, not 70B Q4.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1890,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "Used-market euro amount from the earlier catalog. It cannot be checked on the Apple Store.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-studio-m4-max-128",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac Studio M4 Max 128GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 128,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 546,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122211",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac Studio (2025) M4 Max 16-core/40-core, 128 GB",
      "546 GB/s according to Apple Support"
    ],
    "summary": "70B Q4 and Q5 fit, Q8 often does too. Slower than a dual 3090, much quieter.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 3290,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "Used-market euro amount from the earlier catalog. It cannot be checked on the Apple Store.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-mini-m6-16",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac mini M6 16GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 16,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 153,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.apple.com/mac-mini/specs/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac mini M6, 16 GB, 153 GB/s",
      "Current line on apple.com/mac-mini/specs"
    ],
    "summary": "Current entry mini. Fine for 8B, too tight for 32B.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1069,
      "label": "Belgian Apple Store",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": "Belgian Apple Store",
      "source_url": "https://www.apple.com/be-nl/shop/buy-mac/mac-mini",
      "note": "Belgian Apple Store price for this config, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-mini-m6-32",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac mini M6 32GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 32,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 170,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.apple.com/mac-mini/specs/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac mini M6 with 32 GB (170 GB/s according to Apple)"
    ],
    "summary": "32B Q4 fits, 70B does not. Apple lists 170 GB/s for the higher memory configuration.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 1530,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "Estimate from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Not a checked Apple Store listing. About €1,530.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-mini-m5-pro-64",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac mini M5 Pro 64GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 64,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 307,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.apple.com/mac-mini/specs/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac mini M5 Pro, 64 GB, 307 GB/s"
    ],
    "summary": "70B Q4 fits in 64 GB unified memory. Faster than an M4 Pro, slower than two 3090s.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 3200,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "Estimate from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Not a checked Apple Store listing. About €3,200–€3,450. This row stores the low end.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-studio-m5-max-36",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac Studio M5 Max 36GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 36,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 460,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.apple.com/mac-studio/specs/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac Studio M5 Max, 36 GB, 460 GB/s"
    ],
    "summary": "Current Studio entry. Strong for 32B, not enough memory for 70B Q4.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 3029,
      "label": "Belgian Apple Store",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": "Belgian Apple Store",
      "source_url": "https://www.apple.com/be-nl/shop/buy-mac/mac-studio",
      "note": "Belgian Apple Store price for this config, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-studio-m5-max-128",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac Studio M5 Max 128GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 128,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 614,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.apple.com/mac-studio/specs/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac Studio M5 Max 18-core/40-core GPU, 128 GB, 614 GB/s"
    ],
    "summary": "70B up to Q8 has room here. Bandwidth still trails a dual high-end GPU.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 6000,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "Estimate from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Not a checked Apple Store listing. About €6,000.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-studio-m5-ultra-96",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac Studio M5 Ultra 96GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 96,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 1200,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.apple.com/mac-studio/specs/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac Studio M5 Ultra, 96 GB, 1.2 TB/s"
    ],
    "summary": "High bandwidth and enough memory for 70B Q4/Q5. FP16 70B does not fit.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 6649,
      "label": "Belgian Apple Store",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": "Belgian Apple Store",
      "source_url": "https://www.apple.com/be-nl/shop/buy-mac/mac-studio",
      "note": "Belgian Apple Store price for this config, from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-studio-m5-ultra-256",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac Studio M5 Ultra 256GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 256,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 1200,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://www.apple.com/mac-studio/specs/",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac Studio M5 Ultra, 256 GB unified memory, 1.2 TB/s",
      "256 GB requires the 36-core CPU / 80-core GPU chip"
    ],
    "summary": "The machine in this list that can still hold 70B in FP16. The euro amount is an estimate.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 12500,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "Estimate from the 16 Oct 2026 fact-check. Not a checked Apple Store listing. About €12,500–€13,000. This row stores the low end. 256 GB requires the 36-core CPU / 80-core GPU chip.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mac-studio-m3-ultra-96",
    "kind": "mac",
    "name": "Mac Studio M3 Ultra 96GB",
    "vendor": "apple",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 96,
    "addressable_memory_known": true,
    "bandwidth_gbps": 819,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": true,
    "bandwidth_source_url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122211",
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": true,
    "gpus": [],
    "parts": [
      "Mac Studio M3 Ultra, 96 GB base, 819 GB/s",
      "Used. No euro price recorded."
    ],
    "summary": "Previous Studio generation, used. 96 GB and 819 GB/s. No used euro price is in the catalog.",
    "price": {
      "eur": null,
      "label": "estimate",
      "as_of": "2026-10-16",
      "source_name": null,
      "source_url": null,
      "note": "No used euro price was recorded on 16 Oct 2026. Apple Support lists the base M3 Ultra as 28-core CPU / 60-core GPU, 96 GB, 819 GB/s, configurable to 256 GB. A 32-core CPU / 80-core GPU configuration is also listed at 819 GB/s.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "laptop-proart-p14-64",
    "kind": "laptop",
    "name": "ASUS ProArt P14 (H7407) 64GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 64,
    "addressable_memory_known": false,
    "bandwidth_gbps": null,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": false,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "NVIDIA Blackwell RTX 6144-core GPU",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 64,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 0
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "ASUS ProArt P14 (H7407), Windows 11 Pro, 1 TB SSD, as listed on the ASUS Belgium eStore",
      "64 GB LPDDR5X total system memory on that page",
      "NVIDIA Blackwell RTX 6144-core GPU and 20-core NVIDIA Grace CPU"
    ],
    "summary": "64 GB is total LPDDR5X, not a measured GPU-addressable figure. NVIDIA's RTX Spark spec page does not state GB/s. Fit is not scored, including Llama 70B.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 4699,
      "label": "new (ASUS eStore BE, in stock)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-17",
      "source_name": "ASUS eStore Belgium",
      "source_url": "https://www.asus.com/be-nl/laptops/for-creators/proart/proart-p14-h7407/shop/",
      "note": "Opened 17 Oct 2026. €4,699 and marked op voorraad. The spec block on that page lists 64GB LPDDR5X on board for this column, with a 6144-core NVIDIA Blackwell RTX GPU and a 20-core NVIDIA Grace CPU. ASUS says the eStore price may not refer to the specification block below it. NVIDIA's RTX Spark spec page (https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/products/rtx-spark/) lists up to a 6144-core Blackwell RTX GPU, up to a 20-core Grace CPU, laptop power 45–80 W, and up to 128 GB unified LPDDR5X. That spec page does not state a GB/s figure, so none is stored. Microsoft's footnote says GPU-addressable memory is less than the total and does not give a number (https://blogs.windows.com/devices/2026/10/07/pre-order-our-most-powerful-surface-devices-ever/). Fit is not scored.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "laptop-proart-p14-128",
    "kind": "laptop",
    "name": "ASUS ProArt P14 (H7407) 128GB",
    "vendor": "nvidia",
    "memory_kind": "unified",
    "memory_gb": 128,
    "addressable_memory_known": false,
    "bandwidth_gbps": null,
    "bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "bandwidth_stated": false,
    "bandwidth_source_url": null,
    "system_ram_gb": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_gbps": 0,
    "cpu_bandwidth_estimated": false,
    "tdp_watts": null,
    "used_market": false,
    "gpus": [
      {
        "name": "NVIDIA Blackwell RTX 6144-core GPU",
        "count": 1,
        "vramGbEach": 128,
        "bandwidthGbpsEach": 0
      }
    ],
    "parts": [
      "ASUS ProArt P14 (H7407), Windows 11 Pro, 1 TB SSD, as listed on the ASUS Belgium eStore",
      "128 GB LPDDR5X total system memory on that page",
      "NVIDIA Blackwell RTX 6144-core GPU and 20-core NVIDIA Grace CPU"
    ],
    "summary": "128 GB is total LPDDR5X, not a measured GPU-addressable figure. NVIDIA's RTX Spark spec page does not state GB/s. Fit is not scored, including Llama 70B.",
    "price": {
      "eur": 6299,
      "label": "new (ASUS eStore BE, in stock)",
      "as_of": "2026-10-17",
      "source_name": "ASUS eStore Belgium",
      "source_url": "https://www.asus.com/be-nl/laptops/for-creators/proart/proart-p14-h7407/shop/",
      "note": "Opened 17 Oct 2026. €6,299 and marked op voorraad. The spec block on that page lists 128GB LPDDR5X on board for this column, with a 6144-core NVIDIA Blackwell RTX GPU and a 20-core NVIDIA Grace CPU. ASUS says the eStore price may not refer to the specification block below it. NVIDIA's RTX Spark spec page (https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/products/rtx-spark/) lists up to a 6144-core Blackwell RTX GPU, up to a 20-core Grace CPU, laptop power 45–80 W, and up to 128 GB unified LPDDR5X. That spec page does not state a GB/s figure, so none is stored. Microsoft's footnote says GPU-addressable memory is less than the total and does not give a number (https://blogs.windows.com/devices/2026/10/07/pre-order-our-most-powerful-surface-devices-ever/). Fit is not scored.",
      "rest_of_system_estimate_eur": null,
      "ram_line_eur": null,
      "ram_line_label": null,
      "alt": null
    }
  }
]